harmony 鸿蒙Particle Animation

2023-10-30
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Particle Animation

Particle animation is an animation composed of a multitude of particles randomly generated within a certain range. The particles can be points or images. By animating different aspects of the particles, such as color, opacity, scale, velocity, acceleration, and spin angle, you can create engaging and dynamic aesthetics. For example, you can create an impressive snowfall animation by animating the particles – snowflakes.

The component used for producing particle animations is Particle.

NOTE

This component is supported since API version 10. Updates will be marked with a superscript to indicate their earliest API version.

Child Components

Not supported

APIs

function Particle
<
  PARTICLE extends ParticleType,
  COLOR_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater,
  OPACITY_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater,
  SCALE_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater,
  ACC_SPEED_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater,
  ACC_ANGLE_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater,
  SPIN_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater
>(value: {
  particles: Array<
    ParticleOptions<
      PARTICLE, 
      COLOR_UPDATER, 
      OPACITY_UPDATER, 
      SCALE_UPDATER, 
      ACC_SPEED_UPDATER, 
      ACC_ANGLE_UPDATER, 
      SPIN_UPDATER
    >
  >
})

Parameters

Name	Type	Mandatory	Description
value	{ particles:Array<ParticleOptions< PARTICLE, COLOR_UPDATER, OPACITY_UPDATER, SCALE_UPDATER, ACC_SPEED_UPDATER, ACC_ANGLE_UPDATER, SPIN_UPDATER >> }	Yes	An array of particle options, each of which covers the emitter, color, opacity, scale, velocity, acceleration, and spin speed of particles. For details, see ParticleOptions.

Attributes

The universal attributes are supported.

Events

The universal events are supported.

ParticleOptions

interface ParticleOptions<
  PARTICLE extends ParticleType,
  COLOR_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater,
  OPACITY_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater,
  SCALE_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater,
  ACC_SPEED_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater,
  ACC_ANGLE_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater,
  SPIN_UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater
> {
  emitter: EmitterOptions<PARTICLE>;
  color?: ParticleColorPropertyOptions<COLOR_UPDATER>;
  opacity?: ParticlePropertyOptions<number, OPACITY_UPDATER>;
  scale?: ParticlePropertyOptions<number, SCALE_UPDATER>;
  velocity?: {
    speed: [number, number];
    angle: [number, number];
  };
  acceleration?: {
    speed?: ParticlePropertyOptions<number, ACC_SPEED_UPDATER>;
    angle?: ParticlePropertyOptions<number, ACC_ANGLE_UPDATER>;
  };
  spin?: ParticlePropertyOptions<number, SPIN_UPDATER>;
}

Name	Type	Mandatory	Description
emitter	EmitterOptions<PARTICLE>	Yes	Particle emitter.
color	ParticleColorPropertyOptions<COLOR_UPDATER>	No	Particle color. NOTE Default value: { range:[Color.White,Color.White] }. Colors cannot be set for image particles.
opacity	ParticlePropertyOptions<number, OPACITY_UPDATER>	No	Particle opacity. Default value: {range: [1.0,1.0] }
scale	ParticlePropertyOptions<number, SCALE_UPDATER>	No	Particle scale. Default value: {range: [1.0,1.0] }
velocity	{ speed: [number, number]; angle: [number, number]; }	No	Particle velocity. NOTE speed indicates the time rate at which the particle moves, and angle indicates the direction (in angles) in which the particle moves. Default value: {speed: [0.0,0.0],angle: [0.0,0.0] }
acceleration	{ speed?: ParticlePropertyOptions; angle?: ParticlePropertyOptions; }	No	Particle acceleration. NOTE speed indicates the acceleration speed, and angle indicates the acceleration direction (in angles). Default value: {speed:{range: [0.0,0.0] },angle:{range: [0.0,0.0] }}
spin	ParticlePropertyOptions	No	Particle spin angle. Default value: {range: [0.0,0.0] }

EmitterOptions

Provides particle emitter configuration.

interface EmitterOptions<PARTICLE extends ParticleType> {   
  particle: {
    type: PARTICLE;
    config: ParticleConfigs[PARTICLE];
    count: number;
    lifetime?: number;
  };
  emitRate?: number;
  shape?: ParticleEmitterShape;
  position?: [Dimension, Dimension];
  size?: [Dimension, Dimension];
}

Name	Type	Mandatory	Description
particle	{ type: PARTICLE, config: ParticleConfigs, count: number, lifetime?: number }	Yes	Particle configuration. - type: particle type, which can be IMAGE or POINT. - config: configuration of the particle type. - The value type of config is subject to the value of type. 1. If type is ParticleType.POINT, the config type is PointParticleParameters. 2. If type is ParticleType.IMAGE, the config type is ImageParticleParameters. - count: number of particles. The value is greater than or equal to -1. The value -1 indicates that the number of particles is infinite. - lifetime: lifetime of a single particle. The default value is 1000 (that is, 1000 ms, 1s). The value is greater than or equal to -1. The value -1 indicates that the lifetime of the particle is infinite.
emitRate	number	No	Emit rate (that is, the number of particles emitted per second). Default value: 5
shape	ParticleEmitterShape	No	Emitter shape. Default value: ParticleEmitterShape.RECTANGLE
position	[Dimension, Dimension]	No	Emitter position (distance from the upper left corner of the component). Default value: [0.0, 0.0]
size	[Dimension, Dimension]	No	Size of the emit window. Default value: [‘100%’,‘100%’] (that is, the emit window fully occupies the component).

ParticleConfigs

interface ParticleConfigs { 
  [ParticleType.POINT]: PointParticleParameters;
  [ParticleType.IMAGE]: ImageParticleParameters;
}

Parameter	Type	Mandatory	Description
[ParticleType.POINT]	PointParticleParameters	Yes	Point particle configuration.
[ParticleType.IMAGE]	ImageParticleParameters	Yes	Image particle configuration.

PointParticleParameters

interface PointParticleParameters {
  radius: VP;
}

Parameter	Type	Mandatory	Description
radius	VP	Yes	Particle radius.

ImageParticleParameters

interface ImageParticleParameters {
  src: ResourceStr;
  size: [Dimension, Dimension];
  objectFit?: ImageFit;
}

Parameter	Type	Mandatory	Description
src	ResourceStr	Yes	Image path. SVG and GIF images are not supported.
size	[Dimension, Dimension]	Yes	Image size.
objectFit	ImageFit	No	Image display mode.

ParticleColorPropertyOptions

interface ParticleColorPropertyOptions<UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater> {
  range: [ResourceColor, ResourceColor]; 
  updater?: {
    type: UPDATER;
    config: ParticleColorPropertyUpdaterConfigs[UPDATER];
  };
}

Name	Type	Mandatory	Description
range	[ResourceColor, ResourceColor]	Yes	Initial color range of the particle. The initial color of particles generated by the particle emitter is randomly selected in this range. Default value: range:[Color.White,Color.White]
updater	{ type: UPDATER; config: ParticleColorPropertyUpdaterConfigs[UPDATER]; }	No	How the color attribute is updated. The available options of type are as follows: 1. ParticleUpdater.NONE: The attribute does not change. In this case, the config type is ParticleColorPropertyUpdaterConfigs[ParticleUpdater.NONE]. 2. ParticleUpdater.RANDOM: The attribute changes randomly. In this case, the config type is ParticleColorPropertyUpdaterConfigs[ParticleUpdater.RANDOM]. 3. ParticleUpdater.CURVE: The attribute changes with the animation curve. In this case, the config type is ParticleColorPropertyUpdaterConfigs[ParticleUpdater.CURVE].

ParticleColorPropertyUpdaterConfigs

interface ParticleColorPropertyUpdaterConfigs {
  [ParticleUpdater.NONE]: void;
  [ParticleUpdater.RANDOM]: {
    r: [number, number];
    g: [number, number];
    b: [number, number];
    a: [number, number];
  };
  [ParticleUpdater.CURVE]: Array<ParticlePropertyAnimation<ResourceColor>>;
}

Name	Type	Mandatory	Description
[ParticleUpdater.NONE]	void	Yes	The color does not change. The default value is undefined.
[ParticleUpdater.RANDOM]	{ r: [number, number]; g: [number, number]; b: [number, number]; a: [number, number]; }	Yes	The color changes randomly. The color changes randomly.The target color is obtained by changing the value of each of the R, R, B, A channels and taking in the current color value.
[ParticleUpdater.CURVE]	Array<ParticlePropertyAnimation<ResourceColor>>	Yes	The color changes with the animation curve. The array type indicates that multiple animation segments can be set for the current attribute, for example, 0-3000 ms, 3000-5000 ms, and 5000-8000 ms.

ParticlePropertyOptions

interface ParticlePropertyOptions<TYPE, UPDATER extends ParticleUpdater> {
  range: [TYPE, TYPE];
  updater?: {
    type: UPDATER;
    config: ParticlePropertyUpdaterConfigs<TYPE>[UPDATER];
  };
}

Name	Type	Mandatory	Description
range	[number, number]	Yes	Initial attribute value range of the particle. The initial attribute value of particles generated by the particle emitter is randomly selected in this range. NOTE The default values of different attributes are different: 1. Default value of the opacity attribute: range: [1.0,1.0] 2. Default value of the scale attribute: range:[1.01.0] 3. Default value of the acceleration speed attribute: range: [0.0,0.0] 4. Default value of the acceleration angle attribute: range:[0.0,0.0] 5. Default value of the spin attribute: range: [0.0,0.0]
updater	{type: UPDATER;config: ParticlePropertyUpdaterConfigs[UPDATER];}	No	How the attribute is updated. The available options of type are as follows: 1. ParticleUpdater.NONE: The attribute does not change. In this case, the config type is ParticlePropertyUpdaterConfigs[ParticleUpdater.NONE]. 2. ParticleUpdater.RANDOM: The attribute changes randomly. In this case, the config type is ParticlePropertyUpdaterConfigs[ParticleUpdater.RANDOM]. 3. ParticleUpdater.CURVE: The attribute changes with the animation curve. In this case, the config type is ParticlePropertyUpdaterConfigs[ParticleUpdater.CURVE].

ParticlePropertyUpdaterConfigs

interface ParticlePropertyUpdaterConfigs<T> {
    [ParticleUpdater.NONE]: void;
    [ParticleUpdater.RANDOM]: [T, T];
    [ParticleUpdater.CURVE]: Array<ParticlePropertyAnimation<T>>;
}

Name	Type	Mandatory	Description
[[ParticleUpdater.NONE]	void	Yes	The attribute does not change. The default value is undefined.
[ParticleUpdater.RANDOM]	[number, number]	Yes	The attribute changes randomly, with the change difference being a value randomly generated from the range. The target attribute value is obtained by applying the change difference to the current attribute value. For example, if the current attribute value is 0.2 and config is set to [0.1,1.0], then: 1. When the random change difference is 0.5, the target attribute value is 0.2 + 0.5 = 0.7. 2. The change difference may also be a negative value. For example, if the current attribute value is 0.2 and config is set to [-3.0,2.0], then when the random change difference is -2.0, the target attribute value is 0.2 - 2.0 = -1.8. NOTE config sets the value range of the change difference. While the change difference does not have a maximum or minimum value limit, the target attribute value does. Therefore, if the target attribute value is greater than the maximum attribute value, the maximum attribute value will be used instead; if the target attribute value is less than the minimum attribute value, the minimum attribute value will be used instead. For example, if the value range of opacity is [0.0,1.0], then if the target attribute value is greater than 1.0, 1.0 will be used instead.
[ParticleUpdater.CURVE]	Array<ParticlePropertyAnimation<number>>	Yes	The attribute changes with the animation curve. The array type indicates that multiple animation segments can be set for the current attribute, for example, 0-3000 ms, 3000-5000 ms, and 5000-8000 ms.

ParticlePropertyAnimation

interface ParticlePropertyAnimation<T> {
  from: T;
  to: T;
  startMillis: number;
  endMillis: number;
  curve?: Curve|ICurve;
}

Name	Type	Mandatory	Description
from	T	Yes	Initial value of the attribute.
to	T	Yes	Target value of the attribute.
startMillis	number	Yes	Start time of the animation.
endMillis	number	Yes	End time of the animation.
curve	Curve \|ICurve	No	Animation curve. Default value: Curve.Linear

ParticleType

enum ParticleType {
  POINT = 'point',
  IMAGE = 'image',
}

Name	Description
POINT	Poin particle.
IMAGE	Image particle.

ParticleEmitterShape

enum ParticleEmitterShape {
  RECTANGLE = 'rectangle',
  CIRCLE = 'circle',
  ELLIPSE = 'ellipse',
}

Name	Description
RECTANGLE	The particle emitter is rectangular.
CIRCLE	The particle emitter is circular.
ELLIPSE	The particle emitter is elliptical.

ParticleUpdater

enum ParticleUpdater {
  NONE = 'none',
  RANDOM = 'random',
  CURVE = 'curve',
}

Name	Description
NONE	No change.
RANDOM	Random change.
CURVE	Change with the animation curve.

Example

Example 1

// xxx.ets
// xxx.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct ParticleExample {
  build() {
    Stack() {
      Text()
        .width(300).height(300).backgroundColor(Color.Black)
      Particle({particles:[
        {
          emitter:{
            particle:{
              type:ParticleType.POINT,// Particle type.
              config:{
                radius:10// Point radius.
              },
              count: 500,// Total number of particles.
              lifetime:10000// Particle lifetime, in ms.
            },
            emitRate:10,// Number of particles emitted per second.
            position:[0,0],
            shape:ParticleEmitterShape.RECTANGLE// Emitter shape.
          },
          color:{
            range:[Color.Red,Color.Yellow],// Initial color range.
            updater:{
              type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,// Change with the animation curve.
              config:[
                {
                  from:Color.White,// Initial value of the change.
                  to:Color.Pink,// Target value of the change.
                  startMillis:0,// Start time.
                  endMillis:3000,// End time.
                  curve:Curve.EaseIn// Animation curve.
                },
                {
                  from:Color.Pink,
                  to:Color.Orange,
                  startMillis:3000,
                  endMillis:5000,
                  curve:Curve.EaseIn
                },
                {
                  from:Color.Orange,
                  to:Color.Pink,
                  startMillis:5000,
                  endMillis:8000,
                  curve:Curve.EaseIn
                },
              ]
            }
          },
          opacity:{
            range: [0.0,0.0],// The initial value of particle opacity is randomly generated from 0.0 to 1.0.
            updater:{
              type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,// Opacity changes randomly.
              config:[
                {
                  from:0.0,
                  to:1.0,
                  startMillis:0,
                  endMillis:3000,
                  curve:Curve.EaseIn
                },
                {
                  from:1.0,
                  to:0.0,
                  startMillis:5000,
                  endMillis:10000,
                  curve:Curve.EaseIn
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          scale:{
            range:[0.0,0.0],
            updater:{
              type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
              config:[
                {
                  from:0.0,
                  to:0.5,
                  startMillis:0,
                  endMillis:3000,
                  curve: Curve.EaseIn
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          acceleration:{// Acceleration. speed indicates the acceleration speed, and angle indicates the acceleration direction.
            speed:{
              range:[3,9],
              updater:{
                type:ParticleUpdater.RANDOM,
                config:[1,20]
              }
            },
            angle:{
              range:[90,90]
            }
          }

        }
      ]
      }).width(300).height(300)
    }.width("100%").height("100%").align(Alignment.Center)
  }
}

particle

Example 2

@Entry
@Component
struct ParticleExample {
  @State
  myCount : number = 100
  flag : boolean = false;
  build() {
    Column(){
      Stack() {
        Particle({particles:[
          {
            emitter:{
              particle:{
                type:ParticleType.IMAGE,
                config:{
                  src:$r("app.media.glass"),
                  size:[10,10]
                },
                count: this.myCount,
                lifetime:10000
              },
              emitRate:3,
              shape:ParticleEmitterShape.CIRCLE
            },
            color:{
              range:[Color.White,Color.White]
            },
            opacity:{
              range:[1.0,1.0],
              updater:{
                type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
                config:[
                  {
                    from:0,
                    to:1.0,
                    startMillis:0,
                    endMillis:6000
                  },
                  {
                    from:1.0,
                    to:.0,
                    startMillis:6000,
                    endMillis:10000
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            scale:{
              range:[0.1,1.0],
              updater:{
                type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
                config:[
                  {
                    from: 0,
                    to: 1.5,
                    startMillis: 0,
                    endMillis: 8000,
                    curve: Curve.EaseIn
                  }

                ]
              }
            },
            acceleration:{
              speed:{
                range:[3,9],
                updater:{
                  type: ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
                  config:[
                    {
                      from:10,
                      to:20,
                      startMillis:0,
                      endMillis:3000,
                      curve:Curve.EaseIn
                    },
                    {
                      from:10,
                      to:2,
                      startMillis:3000,
                      endMillis:8000,
                      curve:Curve.EaseIn
                    }
                  ]
                }
              },
              angle:{
                range:[0,180],
                updater:{
                  type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
                  config:[{
                    from:1,
                    to:2,
                    startMillis:0,
                    endMillis:1000,
                    curve:Curve.EaseIn
                  },
                    {
                      from:50,
                      to:-50,
                      startMillis:1000,
                      endMillis:3000,
                      curve:Curve.EaseIn
                    },
                    {
                      from:3,
                      to:5,
                      startMillis:3000,
                      endMillis:8000,
                      curve:Curve.EaseIn
                    }
                  ]
                }
              }
            },
            spin:{
              range:[0.1,1.0],
              updater:{
                type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
                config:[
                {
                  from: 0,
                  to: 360,
                  startMillis: 0,
                  endMillis: 8000,
                  curve: Curve.EaseIn
                }
                ]
              }
            },
          }
          ,{
          emitter:{
            particle:{
              type:ParticleType.IMAGE,
              config:{
                src:$r('app.media.book'),
                size:[10,10]
              },
              count: this.myCount,
              lifetime:10000
            },
            emitRate:3,
            shape:ParticleEmitterShape.CIRCLE
          },
          color:{
            range:[Color.White,Color.White]
          },
          opacity:{
            range:[1.0,1.0],
            updater:{
              type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
              config:[
                {
                  from:0,
                  to:1.0,
                  startMillis:0,
                  endMillis:6000
                },
                {
                  from:1.0,
                  to:.0,
                  startMillis:6000,
                  endMillis:10000
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          scale:{
            range:[0.1,1.0],
            updater:{
              type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
              config:[
                {
                  from: 0,
                  to: 2.0,
                  startMillis: 0,
                  endMillis: 10000,
                  curve: Curve.EaseIn
                }

              ]
            }
          },
          acceleration:{
            speed:{
              range:[3,9],
              updater:{
                type: ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
                config:[
                  {
                    from:10,
                    to:20,
                    startMillis:0,
                    endMillis:3000,
                    curve:Curve.EaseIn
                  },
                  {
                    from:10,
                    to:2,
                    startMillis:3000,
                    endMillis:8000,
                    curve:Curve.EaseIn
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            angle:{
              range:[0,180],
              updater:{
                type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
                config:[{
                  from:1,
                  to:2,
                  startMillis:0,
                  endMillis:1000,
                  curve:Curve.EaseIn
                },
                  {
                    from:50,
                    to:-50,
                    startMillis:0,
                    endMillis:3000,
                    curve:Curve.EaseIn
                  },
                  {
                    from:3,
                    to:5,
                    startMillis:3000,
                    endMillis:10000,
                    curve:Curve.EaseIn
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          },
          spin:{
            range:[0.1,1.0],
            updater:{
              type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
              config:[
                {
                  from: 0,
                  to: 360,
                  startMillis: 0,
                  endMillis: 10000,
                  curve: Curve.EaseIn
                }
              ]
            }
          },
        },{
          emitter:{
            particle:{
              type:ParticleType.IMAGE,
              config:{
                src:$r('app.media.squares'),
                size:[10,10]
              },
              count: this.myCount,
              lifetime:10000
            },
            emitRate:3,
            shape:ParticleEmitterShape.CIRCLE
          },
          color:{
            range:[Color.White,Color.White]
          },
          opacity:{
            range:[1.0,1.0],
            updater:{
              type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
              config:[
                {
                  from:0,
                  to:1.0,
                  startMillis:0,
                  endMillis:6000
                },
                {
                  from:1.0,
                  to:.0,
                  startMillis:6000,
                  endMillis:10000
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          scale:{
            range:[0.1,1.0],
            updater:{
              type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
              config:[
                {
                  from: 0,
                  to: 2.0,
                  startMillis: 0,
                  endMillis: 10000,
                  curve: Curve.EaseIn
                }

              ]
            }
          },
          acceleration:{
            speed:{
              range:[3,9],
              updater:{
                type: ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
                config:[
                  {
                    from:10,
                    to:20,
                    startMillis:0,
                    endMillis:3000,
                    curve:Curve.EaseIn
                  },
                  {
                    from:10,
                    to:2,
                    startMillis:3000,
                    endMillis:8000,
                    curve:Curve.EaseIn
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            angle:{
              range:[0,180],
              updater:{
                type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
                config:[{
                  from:1,
                  to:2,
                  startMillis:0,
                  endMillis:1000,
                  curve:Curve.EaseIn
                },
                  {
                    from:50,
                    to:-50,
                    startMillis:1000,
                    endMillis:3000,
                    curve:Curve.EaseIn
                  },
                  {
                    from:3,
                    to:5,
                    startMillis:3000,
                    endMillis:8000,
                    curve:Curve.EaseIn
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          },
          spin:{
            range:[0.1,1.0],
            updater:{
              type:ParticleUpdater.CURVE,
              config:[
                {
                  from: 0,
                  to: 360,
                  startMillis: 0,
                  endMillis: 10000,
                  curve: Curve.EaseIn
                }
              ]
            }
          },
        }
        ]
        }).width(300).height(300)

      }.width(500).height(500).align(Alignment.Center)
    }.width("100%").height("100%")

  }
}

particle