harmony 鸿蒙Using NDK in a CMake Project

2023-10-30
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Using NDK in a CMake Project

What Is Native API

For details, see Native APIs.

Downloading the NDK

You download the Native API Development Kit (NDK) by downloading the OHOS SDK, where the NDK is included. To download the OHOS SDK, use any of the following modes:

(Recommended) Acquire source code from mirrors for an officially released version. For details, see release notes.
Download the SDK from the SDK Manager in DevEco Studio.
Download the SDK from the daily build, by clicking the download link to the ohos-sdk-full component.

Decompressing the NDK

Place the downloaded NDK in a folder you prefer and decompress it. Below shows the directory structure after decompression.

Configure the Linux environment as follows: (Skip them if the NDK is downloaded from DevEco Studio.)

Add the CMake tool that comes with the NDK to the environment variables.

    # Open the .bashrc file.
    vim ~/.bashrc
    # Append the custom CMake path to the file.
    export PATH=~/ohos-sdk/ohos-sdk/linux/native/build-tools/cmake/bin:$PATH
    # Run the source ~/.bashrc command to make the environment variables take effect.
    source ~/.bashrc

Check the default CMake path.

    # Run the which cmake command.
    which cmake
    # The result should be the same as the custom path previously appended to the .bashrc file.
    ~/ohos-sdk/ohos-sdk/linux/native/build-tools/cmake/bin/cmake

Using the NDK to Compile a Native Program

You can use the NDK to quickly develop a native program, including native dynamic libraries, static libraries, and executable files. The ArkUI application framework can call the native dynamic libraries through the NAPI framework. The following exemplifies how to use the NDK to compile a C/C++ dynamic library in a C/C++ demo project.

Folders in the NDK

build Folder: ohos.toolchain.cmake file

The ohos.toolchain.cmake file contains the attributes of the CMake compilation target. Its path must be specified in the CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE parameter so that it can be located during CMake compilation. For details about the mandatory parameters in the ohos.toolchain.cmake file, see Key Parameters in ohos.toolchain.cmake.

build-tools folder: Build Tool Provided by the NDK

    # Run the following command to view the CMake version:
    cmake -version
    # Result
    cmake version 3.16.5

    CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

llvm Folder: Compiler Provided by the NDK

Demo Project for the NDK

Demo Project Directory

    demo
      ├── CMakeLists.txt
      ├── include
           └── sum.h
      └── src
           ├── CMakeLists.txt
           ├── sum.cpp
           └── hello.cpp

CMakeLists.txt in the demo Directory

    # Specify the minimum CMake version.
    CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 3.16)

    # Set the project name, which is HELLO in this example.
    PROJECT(HELLO)

    # Add a subdirectory and build the subdirectory.
    ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(src bin)

CMakeLists.txt in the src Directory

    SET(LIBHELLO_SRC hello.cpp)

    # Set compilation flags.
    SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -O0")   
 
    # Set the link parameter. The value below is only for exemplary purposes.
    SET(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,--emit-relocs --verbose")    

    # Add a libsum dynamic library target. If the compilation is successful, a libsum.so file is generated.
    ADD_LIBRARY(sum SHARED sum.cpp)

    # Add the executable target called Hello. If the compilation is successful, a Hello executable is generated.
    ADD_EXECUTABLE(Hello ${LIBHELLO_SRC})

    # Specify the path to the include directory of the Hello target.
    TARGET_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(Hello PUBLIC ../include)

    # Specify the name of the library to be linked to the Hello target.
    TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(Hello PUBLIC sum)

For details about CMake, see CMake Tutorial.

Source Code

hello.cpp source code:

    #include <iostream>
    #include "sum.h"

    int main(int argc,const char **argv)
    {
        std::cout<< "hello world!" <<std::endl;
        int total = sum(1, 100);
        std::cout<< "Sum 1 + 100=" << total << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }

sum.h source code:

    int sum(int a, int b);

sum.cpp source code:

    #include <iostream>
    
    int sum(int a, int b)
    {
        return a + b;
    }

Key Parameters in ohos.toolchain.cmake

Parameter	Type	Description
OHOS_STL	c++_shared/c++_static	STL to use. The value must be consistent across the native libraries in the same application. c++_shared (default): The shared library of libc++, libc++_shared.so, is used. c++_static: The static library of libc++, libc++_static.a, is used.
OHOS_ARCH	armeabi-v7a/arm64-v8a/x86_64	ABI to support. Currently, three types of ABI are supported.
OHOS_PLATFORM	OHOS	Target platform. Currently, only OpenHarmony is supported.
CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE	Toolchain file	CMake toolchain file, that is, the aforementioned ohos.toolchain.cmake file.

Building from Command Line

In the project directory, create the build directory to store the intermediate files generated during CMake building.

NOTE

In the following commands, ohos-sdk is the root directory of the downloaded SDK. Replace it with the actual directory.

Use OHOS_STL=c++_shared for dynamic compilation.

    >mkdir build && cd build
    >cmake -DOHOS_STL=c++_shared -DOHOS_ARCH=armeabi-v7a -DOHOS_PLATFORM=OHOS -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE={ohos-sdk}/linux/native/build/cmake/ohos.toolchain.cmake ..
    >cmake --build .

Use OHOS_STL=c++_static for static compilation.

    >mkdir build && cd build
    >cmake -DOHOS_STL=c++_static -DOHOS_ARCH=armeabi-v7a -DOHOS_PLATFORM=OHOS -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE={ohos-sdk}/linux/native/build/cmake/ohos.toolchain.cmake ..
    >cmake --build .