id: safety-03 original_id: P.UNS.SAS.03 level: P impact: CRITICAL clippy: uninit_assumed_init

Do Not Expose Uninitialized Memory in Public APIs

Summary

Public APIs must never return or expose uninitialized memory to callers.

Rationale

Reading uninitialized memory is undefined behavior in Rust. Safe code should never be able to access uninitialized memory through your API.

Bad Example

// DON'T: Expose uninitialized memory
pub struct Buffer {
    data: [u8; 1024],
    len: usize,
}

impl Buffer {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        // BAD: data is uninitialized
        unsafe {
            Self {
                data: std::mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init(),
                len: 0,
            }
        }
    }

    // BAD: Returns reference to potentially uninitialized data
    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.data[..self.len]  // What if len > initialized portion?
    }
}

Good Example

use std::mem::MaybeUninit;

// DO: Use MaybeUninit properly and only expose initialized data
pub struct Buffer {
    data: Box<[MaybeUninit<u8>; 1024]>,
    len: usize,  // Invariant: data[0..len] is initialized
}

impl Buffer {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            // MaybeUninit doesn't require initialization
            data: Box::new([MaybeUninit::uninit(); 1024]),
            len: 0,
        }
    }

    pub fn push(&mut self, byte: u8) {
        if self.len < 1024 {
            self.data[self.len].write(byte);
            self.len += 1;
        }
    }

    // Only returns initialized portion
    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[u8] {
        // SAFETY: self.len bytes are initialized (invariant)
        unsafe {
            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                self.data.as_ptr() as *const u8,
                self.len
            )
        }
    }
}

impl Drop for Buffer {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        // Only drop initialized elements
        // For u8 this is a no-op, but important for Drop types
    }
}

Patterns for Uninitialized Memory

// Pattern 1: MaybeUninit for delayed initialization
let mut value: MaybeUninit<ExpensiveType> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
initialize_expensive(&mut value);
let value = unsafe { value.assume_init() };

// Pattern 2: Vec::with_capacity for growable buffers
let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(100);
// vec.len() is 0, capacity is 100
// No uninitialized memory is accessible

// Pattern 3: Box::new_uninit (nightly)
let mut boxed = Box::<[u8; 1024]>::new_uninit();
boxed.write([0u8; 1024]);
let boxed = unsafe { boxed.assume_init() };