harmony 鸿蒙Selecting User Files

2023-06-24
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Selecting User Files

You can use FilePicker to implement the capabilities required for sharing and saving user files such as images and videos. The FilePicker accesses the file to start the application and guide the user to perform operations on the GUI. The API itself does not need any permission.

The FilePicker provides the following interfaces by file type:

PhotoViewPicker: used to select and save images or videos. You are advised to use PhotoViewPicker of PhotoAccessHelper to select files. The PhotoViewPicker of FilePicker can select only assets in Gallery, which is in a directory of the system FileManager. Therefore, the images and videos saved using save() cannot be viewed in Gallery. To enable the saved assets to be viewed in Gallery, use a security component to create the media asset.
DocumentViewPicker: used to select and save documents. The documents can be selected by using FilePicker. The documents are not distinguished by file name extensions. For example, the images and documents downloaded from a browser are of the document type.
AudioViewPicker: used to select and save audio files. Currently, the audio files can be selected by using FilePicker.

Selecting Images or Video Files

Import the picker and fs modules.

   import picker from '@ohos.file.picker';
   import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
   import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';

Create a PhotoSelectOptions instance.

   import picker from '@ohos.file.picker';
   
   const photoSelectOptions = new picker.PhotoSelectOptions();

Set the file type and the maximum number of media files to select.

For example, select a maximum of five images. For details about the media file types, see PhotoViewMIMETypes.

   import picker from '@ohos.file.picker';
   
   photoSelectOptions.MIMEType = picker.PhotoViewMIMETypes.IMAGE_TYPE; // Select images.
   photoSelectOptions.maxSelectNumber = 5; // Set the maximum number of images to select.

Create a photoPicker instance and call select() to open the Gallery page for the user to select files. After the files are selected, PhotoSelectResult is returned.

The permission on the URIs returned by select() is read-only. Further file operations can be performed based on the URIs in the PhotoSelectResult. Note that the URI cannot be directly used in the picker callback to open a file. You need to define a global variable to save the URI and use a button to trigger file opening.

If metadata needs to be obtained, you can use File management and File URI APIs to obtain file attribute information, such as the file size, access time, modification time, file name, and file path, based on the URI.

   import picker from '@ohos.file.picker';
   import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
   
   let uris: Array<string> = [];
   const photoViewPicker = new picker.PhotoViewPicker();
   photoViewPicker.select(photoSelectOptions).then((photoSelectResult: picker.PhotoSelectResult) => {
     uris = photoSelectResult.photoUris;
     console.info('photoViewPicker.select to file succeed and uris are:' + uris);
   }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
     console.error(`Invoke photoViewPicker.select failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
   })

After the UI is returned from the Gallery page, use a button to trigger API calling. Use fs.openSync() to open the file based on the URI and obtain the file descriptor (FD). Note that the mode parameter of fs.openSync() must be fs.OpenMode.READ_ONLY.

   import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
   
   let uri: string = '';
   let file = fs.openSync(uri, fs.OpenMode.READ_ONLY);
   console.info('file fd: ' + file.fd);

Use fs.readSync() to read the file based on the FD. After the data is read, close the FD.

   import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
   
   let buffer = new ArrayBuffer(4096);
   let readLen = fs.readSync(file.fd, buffer);
   console.info('readSync data to file succeed and buffer size is:' + readLen);
   fs.closeSync(file);

Selecting Documents

Import the picker and fs modules.

   import picker from '@ohos.file.picker';
   import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
   import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
   import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';

Create a DocumentSelectOptions instance.

   import picker from '@ohos.file.picker';
   
   const documentSelectOptions = new picker.DocumentSelectOptions(); 
   documentSelectOptions.maxSelectNumber = 5; // (Optional) Maximum number of documents to select.
   documentSelectOptions.defaultFilePathUri = "file://docs/storage/Users/currentUser/test"; // (Optional) Path of the file or directory to select.
   documentSelectOptions.fileSuffixFilters = ['.png', '.txt', '.mp4']; // (Optional) File name extensions of the documents to select.

Create a DocumentViewPicker instance and call select() to open the FilePicker application page for the user to select documents. After the documents are selected, a result set containing the file URIs is returned.

The permission on the URIs returned by select() is read-only. Further file operations can be performed based on the URIs in the result set. Note that the URI cannot be directly used in the picker callback to open a file. You need to define a global variable to save the URI and use a button to trigger file opening.

   import picker from '@ohos.file.picker';
   import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
   
   let uris: Array<string> = [];
   const documentViewPicker = new picker.DocumentViewPicker(); // Create a documentViewPicker instance.
   documentViewPicker.select(documentSelectOptions).then((documentSelectResult: Array<string>) => {
     uris = documentSelectResult;
     console.info('documentViewPicker.select to file succeed and uris are:' + uris);
   }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
     console.error(`Invoke documentViewPicker.select failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
   })

After the UI is returned from the FilePicker page, use a button to trigger API calling. Use fs.openSync() to open the file based on the URI and obtain the FD. Note that the mode parameter of fs.openSync() must be fs.OpenMode.READ_ONLY.

   import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
   
   let uri: string = '';
   let file = fs.openSync(uri, fs.OpenMode.READ_ONLY);
   console.info('file fd: ' + file.fd);

Use fs.readSync() to read the file based on the FD. After the data is read, close the FD.

   import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
   
   let buffer = new ArrayBuffer(4096);
   let readLen = fs.readSync(file.fd, buffer);
   console.info('readSync data to file succeed and buffer size is:' + readLen);
   fs.closeSync(file);

Selecting Audio Files

Import the picker and fs modules.

   import picker from '@ohos.file.picker';
   import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
   import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';

Create an AudioSelectOptions instance.

NOTE

Currently, AudioSelectOptions is not configurable. By default, all types of user files are selected.

   import picker from '@ohos.file.picker';
   
   const audioSelectOptions = new picker.AudioSelectOptions();

Create an audioViewPicker instance and call select() to open the FilePicker application page for the user to select audio files. After the files are selected, a result set containing the URIs of the audio files selected is returned.

For example, use the file management interface to obtain the file handle (FD) of the audio clip based on the URI, and then develop the audio playback function based on the media service. For details, see Audio Playback Development.

   import picker from '@ohos.file.picker';
   
   let uri: string = '';
   const audioViewPicker = new picker.AudioViewPicker();
   audioViewPicker.select(audioSelectOptions).then((audioSelectResult: Array<string>) => {
     uri = audioSelectResult[0];
     console.info('audioViewPicker.select to file succeed and uri is:' + uri);
   }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
     console.error(`Invoke audioViewPicker.select failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
   })

After the UI is returned from the FilePicker page, use a button to trigger API calling. Use fs.openSync() to open the file based on the URI and obtain the FD. Note that the mode parameter of fs.openSync() must be fs.OpenMode.READ_ONLY.

   import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
   
   let uri: string = '';
   let file = fs.openSync(uri, fs.OpenMode.READ_ONLY);
   console.info('file fd: ' + file.fd);

Use fs.readSync() to read the file based on the FD. After the data is read, close the FD.

   import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
   
   let buffer = new ArrayBuffer(4096);
   let readLen = fs.readSync(file.fd, buffer);
   console.info('readSync data to file succeed and buffer size is:' + readLen);
   fs.closeSync(file);