intl Development

The intl module provides basic i18n capabilities, such as time and date formatting, number formatting, and string sorting, through the standard i18n APIs defined in ECMA 402. For more details about APIs and their usage, see intl API Reference.

The i18n module provides enhanced i18n capabilities through supplementary interfaces that are not defined in ECMA 402. It works with the intl module to provide a complete suite of i18n capabilities.

Setting Locale Information

Call Locale APIs to maximize or minimize the locale information.

Available APIs

How to Develop

1. Import the intl module.

Make sure that you import a correct bundle. If the imported bundle is incorrect, related APIs may not function properly.

   import Intl from '@ohos.intl';

1. Instantiate a Locale object.

Create a Locale object by using the Locale constructor. This API receives a string that represents the locale and an optional attribute list. (Note that Intl is the name of the imported module.)

A Locale object consists of four parts: language, script, region, and extension, which are separated by using a hyphen (-). - Language: mandatory. It is represented by a two-letter or three-letter code as defined in ISO-639. For example, en indicates English, and zh indicates Chinese. - Script: optional. It is represented by a four-letter code as defined in ISO-15924. The first letter is in uppercase, and the remaining three letters are in lowercase. For example, Hant represents traditional Chinese, and Hans represents simplified Chinese. - Country or region: optional. It is represented by two-letter code as defined in ISO-3166. Both letters are in uppercase. For example, CN represents China, and US represents the United States. - Extensions: optional. Each extension consists of two parts, key and value. Currently, the extensions listed in the following table are supported. For details, see BCP 47 Extensions. Extensions can be in any sequence and are written in the format of -key-value. They are appended to the language, script, and region by using -u. For example, zh-u-nu-latn-ca-chinese indicates that the Latin digital system and Chinese calendar system are used. Extensions can also be passed via the second parameter. |ID|Description| |——–|——–| |ca|Calendar algorithm.| |co|Collation type.| |hc|Hour cycle.| |nu|Numbering system.| |kn|Whether numeric collation is used for sorting or comparing strings.| |kf|Whether capitalization is considered when sorting or comparing strings.|

   let locale = "zh-CN";
   let options: Intl.LocaleOptions = {caseFirst: "false", calendar: "chinese", collation: "pinyin"};
   let localeObj = new Intl.Locale(locale, options);

1. Obtain the string that represents a Locale object.

   Call toString to obtain the string that represents a Locale object, including the language, region, and other options.

   let localeStr = localeObj.toString(); // localeStr = "zh-CN-u-ca-chinese-co-pinyin-kf-false

1. Maximize the locale information.

   Call maximize to maximize the locale information; that is, supplement the missing script and region information, if any.

   let maximizedLocale = localeObj.maximize();
   let maximizedLocaleStr = maximizedLocale.toString(); // localeStr = "zh-Hans-CN-u-ca-chinese-co-pinyin-kf-false

1. Minimize the locale information.

   Call minimize to minimize the locale information; that is, delete the unnecessary script and region information, if any.

   let minimizedLocale = localeObj.minimize();
   let minimizedLocaleStr = minimizedLocale.toString(); // zh-u-ca-chinese-co-pinyin-kf-false

Formatting the Date and Time

Call DateTimeFormat APIs to format the date and time for the specified locale.

Available APIs

How to Develop

1. Import the intl module.

Make sure that you import a correct bundle. If the imported bundle is incorrect, related APIs may not function properly.

   import Intl from '@ohos.intl';

1. Instantiate a DateTimeFormat object.

Use the default constructor of DateTimeFormat to obtain the system default locale by accessing the system language and region settings, and set it as the locale in the DateTimeFormat object.

   let dateTimeFormat = new Intl.DateTimeFormat();

 Alternatively, use your own locale and formatting parameters to create a **DateTimeFormat** object. Formatting parameters are optional. For a full list of formatting parameters, see [DateTimeOptions](https://www.seaxiang.com/blog/1eb3812e63724f18867d7209d457b879#datetimeoptions6).

   let options: Intl.DateTimeOptions = {dateStyle: "full", timeStyle: "full"};
   let dateTimeFormat = new Intl.DateTimeFormat("zh-CN", options);

1. Format the date and time.

   Call format to format a Date object. The formatting result is returned as a string.

   let options: Intl.DateTimeOptions = {dateStyle: "full", timeStyle: "full"};
   let dateTimeFormat = new Intl.DateTimeFormat("zh-CN", options);
   let date = new Date(2022, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12);
   let formatResult = dateTimeFormat.format(date); // formatResult = "January 12, 2023, Thursday, 12:12:12 pm, China Standard Time"

1. Format a period.

   Call formatRange to format a period. This API requires the input of two Date objects, which respectively indicate the start date and end date of a period. The formatting result is returned as a string.

   let startDate = new Date(2021, 11, 17, 3, 24, 0);
   let endDate = new Date(2021, 11, 18, 3, 24, 0);
   let datefmt = new Intl.DateTimeFormat("en-GB");
   let formatRangeResult = datefmt.formatRange(startDate, endDate); // formatRangeResult = "17/12/2021-18/12/2021"

1. Obtain the attributes of the DateTimeFormat object.

   Call resolvedOptions to obtain an object that contains all related attributes and values of the DateTimeFormat object.

   let options: Intl.DateTimeOptions = {dateStyle: "full", timeStyle: "full"};
   let dateTimeFormat = new Intl.DateTimeFormat("zh-CN", options);
   let resolvedOptions = dateTimeFormat.resolvedOptions(); // resolvedOptions = {"locale": "zh-CN", "calendar": "gregorian", "dateStyle":"full", "timeStyle":"full", "timeZone": "Asia/Shanghai"}

Formatting Numbers

Call NumberFormat APIs to implement the number formatting specific to a locale.

Available APIs

How to Develop

1. Import the intl module.

Make sure that you import a correct bundle. If the imported bundle is incorrect, related APIs may not function properly.

   import Intl from '@ohos.intl';

1. Instantiate a NumberFormat object.

Use the default constructor of NumberFormat to obtain the system default locale by accessing the system language and region settings and set it as the locale in the NumberFormat object. (Note that Intl is the name of the imported module.)

   let numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat();

 Alternatively, use your own locale and formatting parameters to create a **NumberFormat** object. Formatting parameters are optional. For a full list of formatting parameters, see [NumberOptions](https://www.seaxiang.com/blog/1eb3812e63724f18867d7209d457b879##numberoptions6).

   let options: Intl.NumberOptions = {compactDisplay: "short", notation: "compact"};
   let numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat("zh-CN", options);

1. Format a number.

   Call format to format a number. The formatting result is returned as a string.

   let options: Intl.NumberOptions = {compactDisplay: "short", notation: "compact"};
   let numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat("zh-CN", options);
   let number = 1234.5678;
   let formatResult = numberFormat.format(number); // formatResult = "1235"

1. Obtain the attributes of the NumberFormat object.

   Call resolvedOptions to obtain an object that contains all related attributes and values of the NumberFormat object.

   let options: Intl.NumberOptions = {compactDisplay: "short", notation: "compact"};
   let numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat("zh-CN", options);
   let resolvedOptions = numberFormat.resolvedOptions();  // resolvedOptions = {"locale": "zh-CN", "currencySign": "standard", "signDisplay": "auto", "compactDisplay": "short", "notation": "compact", "numberingSystem": "Latn"}

Sorting Strings

Users in different regions have different requirements for string sorting. You can call Collator APIs to sort character strings specific to a locale.

Available APIs

How to Develop

1. Import the intl module.

Make sure that you import a correct bundle. If the imported bundle is incorrect, related APIs may not function properly.

   import Intl from '@ohos.intl';

1. Instantiate a Collator object.

Use the default constructor of Collator to obtain the system default locale by accessing the system language and region settings and set it as the locale in the Collator object. (Note that Intl is the name of the imported module.)

   let collator = new Intl.Collator();

 Alternatively, use your own locale and formatting parameters to create a **Collator** object. For a full list of parameters, see [CollatorOptions](https://www.seaxiang.com/blog/1eb3812e63724f18867d7209d457b879#collatoroptions8).
 The **sensitivity** parameter is used to specify the levels of differences that will be used for string comparison. The value **base** indicates that only characters are compared, but not the accent and capitalization. For example, 'a' != 'b', 'a' == '', 'a'=='A'. The value **accent** indicates that the accent is considered, but not the capitalization. For example, 'a' != 'b', 'a' == '', 'a'=='A'. The value **case** indicates that the capitalization is considered, but not the accent. For example, 'a' != 'b', 'a' == '', 'a'=='A'. The value **variant** indicates that both the accent and capitalization are considered. For example, 'a' != 'b', 'a' == '', 'a'=='A'.

   let collator= new Intl.Collator("zh-CN", {localeMatcher: "best fit", usage: "sort", sensitivity: "case"});

1. Compare two strings.

   Call compare to compare two input strings. This API returns a value as the comparison result. The value -1 indicates that the first string is shorter than the second string, 1 indicates that the first string is longer than the second string, and 0 indicates that the two strings are of equal lengths. This allows you to sort character strings based on the comparison result.

   let collator= new Intl.Collator("zh-CN", {localeMatcher: "best fit", usage: "sort", sensitivity: "case"});
   let str1 = "first string";
   let str2 = "second string";
   let compareResult = collator.compare(str1, str2); // compareResult = -1
   str1 = "first";
   str2 = "First";
   compareResult = collator.compare(str1, str2); // compareResult = -1

1. Obtain the attributes of the Collator object.

   Call resolvedOptions to obtain an object that contains all related attributes and values of the Collator object.

   let collator= new Intl.Collator("zh-CN", {localeMatcher: "best fit", usage: "sort"});
   let options = collator.resolvedOptions(); // options = {"localeMatcher": "best fit", "locale": "zh-CN", "usage": "sort", "sensitivity": "variant", "ignorePunctuation": "false", "numeric": false, "caseFirst": "false", "collation": "default"}

Determining the Singular-Plural Type

According to the grammar of certain languages, the singular or plural form of a noun depends on the number prior to the noun. You can call PluralRules APIs to determine the singular-plural type for a specific locale.

Available APIs

How to Develop

1. Import the intl module.

Make sure that you import a correct bundle. If the imported bundle is incorrect, related APIs may not function properly.

   import Intl from '@ohos.intl';

1. Instantiate a PluralRules object.

Use the default constructor of PluralRules to obtain the system default locale by accessing the system language and region settings and set it as the locale in the PluralRules object. (Note that Intl is the name of the imported module.)

   let pluralRules = new Intl.PluralRules();

 Alternatively, use your own locale and formatting parameters to create a **PluralRules** object. For a full list of parameters, see [PluralRulesOptions](https://www.seaxiang.com/blog/1eb3812e63724f18867d7209d457b879#pluralrulesoptions8).

   let pluralRules = new Intl.PluralRules("zh-CN", {localeMatcher: "best fit", type: "cardinal"});

1. Determine the singular-plural type.

   Call select to determine the singular-plural type for an input number. This API returns a string as the category of the input number, which can be any of the following: zero, one, two, few, many, and other.

   let pluralRules = new Intl.PluralRules("zh-CN", {localeMatcher: "best fit", type: "cardinal"});
   let number = 1234.5678;
   let categoryResult = pluralRules.select(number); // categoryResult = "other"

Formatting the Relative Time

Call RelativeTimeFormat APIs to format the relative time for a specific locale.

Available APIs

How to Develop

1. Import the intl module.

Make sure that you import a correct bundle. If the imported bundle is incorrect, related APIs may not function properly.

   import Intl from '@ohos.intl';

1. Instantiate a RelativeTimeFormat object.

Use the default constructor of RelativeTimeFormat to obtain the system default locale by accessing the system language and region settings and set it as the locale in the RelativeTimeFormat object. (Note that Intl is the name of the imported module.)

   let relativeTimeFormat = new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat();

 Alternatively, use your own locale and formatting parameters to create a **RelativeTimeFormat** object. Formatting parameters are optional. For a full list of formatting parameters, see [RelativeTimeFormatInputOptions](https://www.seaxiang.com/blog/1eb3812e63724f18867d7209d457b879#relativetimeformatinputoptions8).

   let relativeTimeFormat = new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat("zh-CN", {numeric: "always", style: "long"});

1. Format the relative time.

   Call format to format the relative time. This API receives a numeric value representing the time length and a string-form unit, like year, quarter, month, week, day, hour, minute, and second. The formatting result is returned as a string.

   let relativeTimeFormat = new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat("zh-CN", {numeric: "always", style: "long"});
   let number = 2;
   let unit = "year";
   let formatResult = relativeTimeFormat.format(number, unit); // 2 years later

1. Obtain each part of the relative time format.

   On obtaining each part of the relative time format, customize the relative time formatting result.

   let relativeTimeFormat = new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat("zh-CN", {numeric: "always", style: "long"});
   let number = 2;
   let unit = "year";
   let formatPartsResult = relativeTimeFormat.formatToParts(number, unit); // formatPartsResult = [{"type": "integer", "value": "2", "unit": "year"}, {"type":"literal", "value": "years later"}]

1. Obtain the attributes of the RelativeTimeFormat object.

   Call resolvedOptions to obtain an object that contains all related attributes and values of the RelativeTimeFormat object. For a full list of attributes, see RelativeTimeFormatResolvedOptions.

   let relativeTimeFormat = new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat("zh-CN", {numeric: "always", style: "long"});
   let options = relativeTimeFormat.resolvedOptions(); // options = {"locale": "zh-CN", "style": "long", "numeric": "always", "numberingSystem": "latn"}

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